It is anticipated that by 2050 global food production will need to feed over nine billion people. At the same time we also need to drastically reduce carbon emissions in order to avoid the catastrophic impacts that would accompany a rise in global temperature of just two degrees Celsius. When set against today’s failure to feed seven billion and the pressure food production is placing on land and the environment, a grim picture of the grand challenge facing civilization emerges.This begs the question: How do we minimize environmental destruction while increasing production?