US-Mexico-Canada Agreement: Canadian farmers “sacrificed” as market access is opened up, US farmers celebrate victory

03 Oct 2018 --- Now that the new US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) has been drafted during last-minute talks, the US and Canadian dairy industries have two very different viewpoints on the proposed new version of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The Americans are declaring a victory for dairy farmers because they’ve gained access to the Canadian market, while Canadian farmers claim the Government has sacrificed their livelihoods.

The Canadian dairy industry says they have been caught in the crossfire as Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and President Trump thrashed out a revised deal to replace NAFTA and form the new trilateral trade deal between the US, Mexico and Canada.

Following more than a year of negotiations, the three countries have reached understandings in key areas, including rules of origin for automotive manufacturing, agriculture, labor, intellectual property rights, culture, and dispute settlement.

However, one of the major sticking points concerns the dairy industry. After much debate and deliberation, Canada did give more access to US dairy producers with the proposed USMCA deal granting them a 3.6 percent portion of Canada’s domestic market. The new agreement – which is expected to be signed next month and will have to be approved by Congress – would also see Canada’s Class 7 milk pricing system scrapped. 

“The announced concessions on dairy in the new USMCA deal demonstrates once again that the Canadian government is willing to sacrifice our domestic dairy production when it comes time to make a deal,” says Pierre Lampron, President of Dairy Farmers of Canada (DFC). 

“The government has said repeatedly that it values a strong and vibrant dairy sector – they have once again put that in jeopardy by giving away more concessions,” he added.

USMCA follows two previous trade agreements in which access to the Canadian dairy market was granted, CETA and the CPTPP, which according to the DFC, sacrificed the equivalent of a quarter of a billion dollars annually in dairy production to industries in other countries. 

The trade body says that this new agreement once again weakens the dairy sector which, among other things, employs more than 220,000 Canadians and contributes US$20 billion dollars a year to Canada’s gross domestic product. And the DFC adds the new agreement is “opening the gate even further by letting foreign products, made according to standards inferior to our own, onto the shelves of our grocery stores.”

The livelihood of thousands of Canadians and the future generations of dairy producers is seriously at risk, it claims. 

“The message sent to our passionate, proud and quality-conscious farmers and all the people who work in the dairy sector is clear: they are nothing more than a bargaining chip to satisfy President Trump,” adds Lampron.

What does the US dairy industry say?
There is a very different perspective in the US where the National Milk Producers Federation, (NMPF) the US Dairy Export Council (USDEC) and the International Dairy Foods Association (IDFA) thanked Trump Administration negotiators for fighting hard against what they brand “Canada’s trade-distorting practices.”

They say that Canada has strictly controlled imports for decades to limit the supply of milk in the country. Recently, as milk production in Canada has grown, it created the Class 7 pricing system to dump surplus milk proteins onto global markets, in direct competition with exports from the US and other nations.

From a strategic standpoint, the new agreement will benefit America’s dairy sector because it preserves the overall structure of the 24-year-old NAFTA. 

“The outlines of the NAFTA pact remain intact, which will allow the US agricultural sector to continue developing new international markets for our farmers,” says Tom Vilsack, president and CEO of USDEC. “We also need to pursue new free trade agreements with other nations and resolve our trade conflicts with China. It is imperative that the US remains an integral player in driving the global trade agenda.” 

While Canada will remain a largely self-contained, protected milk market, “this agreement, when implemented, should give us additional marketing opportunities that will allow us to provide high-quality American dairy products to Canada, which means we’ve made incremental progress,” adds Jim Mulhern, President and CEO of NMPF. 

“We appreciate that the Trump Administration continually raised the profile of our issues at the negotiating table.”

“Maintaining dairy market access in Mexico and improving market access into Canada were IDFA’s top priorities during the talks to modernize the North American Free Trade Agreement,” adds Michael Dykes, D.V.M., President and CEO of IDFA. “We’re also pleased that the Administration was successful in getting Canada to eliminate Class 7 pricing. This new agreement will preserve our vital partnership with both countries and allow the US dairy industry to seek more export opportunities.”

The dairy groups said that the ultimate benefit of the new USMCA would depend on how it is implemented. Also, now that a tentative trilateral agreement has been reached, the dairy organizations urged the governments of the three nations to remove their tariffs on agricultural exports – as well as steel and aluminum – that have been sticking points in relations between the US, Mexico and Canada.

Food processing company, Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) applauds the USMCA, saying that the proposed trilateral agreement represents “strong market access provisions for America’s food and agriculture sector and achieves modernizations that will make the trade of agriculture products more efficient.”

“We believe the agreement will serve to benefit America’s farmers, ranchers and food manufacturers – and we look forward to working for passage of the USMCA in the US Congress,” says a statement. 

By Gaynor Selby